Purpose : This study aimed to examine the association between visual acuity and mental health indicators (depression and anxiety) using data from the 2022 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods : A total of 519 adults who completed both the visual acuity test and mental health questionnaires (PHQ-9, GAD-7) were included in the final analysis. Visual status was categorized as normal vision, mild visual impairment, and low vision. Complex-sample logistic regression analysis was used to explore associations between vision status and mental health outcomes. Results : Participants with mild visual impairment had approximately 9.5 times higher odds ratio of being in the moderate-to-severe anxiety group compared to those with normal vision (OR=9.54, 95% CI: 2.01–45.25, p=0.005). In the low vision group, the odds of depression increased about 4.3 times(OR = 4.27, 95% CI: 0.85–21.56), although this finding was not statistically significant (p=0.081). Conclusion : Visual impairment may contribute to poor mental health, particularly anxiety. Mild visual impairment, though often excluded from formal support systems, may result in greater psychological distress. Tailored mental health screening and early intervention strategies are warranted according to levels of visual impairment.