ISSN : 1229-6457(Print)
ISSN : 2466-040X(Online)
ISSN : 2466-040X(Online)
The Korean Journal of Vision Science Vol.27 No.4 pp.355-365
DOI : https://doi.org/10.17337/JMBI.2025.27.4.355
DOI : https://doi.org/10.17337/JMBI.2025.27.4.355
Changes in Binocular Visual Function after Applying a Digital Visual Function Training Program in Children with Phoria
Abstract
Purpose : This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a digital-based vision therapy program in children with binocular vision dysfunction, analyzing changes in subjective symptoms, binocular function, accommodative and fusional vergence, and ocular motility. Methods : Twenty-four children with near exophoria ≥7Δ and reduced accommodative/ vergence function underwent full refractive correction followed by digital vision therapy for 2 weeks (3 sessions/week, 15 minutes/session). The program included digital convergence training (Lifesaver Card), digital peripheral wall chart exercises, and eye-tracking-based gaming. Preand post-training assessments included CISS, phoria (von Graefe), PFV/NFV, NPA/NPC, accommodative and vergence facility, SCCO, H-S scale, DEM, and GST, each measured in triplicate. Statistical analyses were performed in Python, with p<0.050 considered significant. Results : Training significantly reduced near exophoria, shortened NPC, and increased PFV (p<0.050). Accommodative and convergence capacities improved, vergence facility increased, while accommodative facility showed minimal change. Ocular motility (SCCO, DEM, GST) improved, with DEM reaction times significantly faster. CISS scores decreased across all domains, indicating reduced subjective symptoms. These outcomes were consistent with prior analog vision training studies. Conclusion : Digital vision training effectively enhanced binocular vision, accommodation, fusional vergence, ocular motility, and subjective visual symptoms, demonstrating efficacy comparable to conventional therapy. Gamified, eye-tracking interfaces improved engagement and clinical applicability, suggesting digital vision training as a viable intervention for pediatric convergence and accommodative deficits.






